Content Projection in Angular

In Angular, content projection is a powerful technique that allows developers to pass content from a parent component into a child component, and display it in a specific location within the child component's template. This mechanism enables component reusability and flexibility, making it an essential concept for building modular applications.

This blog post delves into the concept of content projection, its types, and provides an example to help you understand how to implement it effectively.

What is Content Projection?

Content projection allows you to project or "transclude" external content into a component’s template. It uses the <ng-content> directive, which acts as a placeholder in the child component’s template where the content provided by the parent component will be inserted.

Angular(DI) Resolution Modifiers

In Angular, one of its core strengths lies in its Dependency Injection (DI) system, which ensures that components and services can seamlessly interact. A key feature of this DI system is the use of Resolution Modifiers. In this blog post, we'll explore what Resolution Modifiers are, how they work, and their practical applications in Angular.

What Are Resolution Modifiers?

Resolution Modifiers in Angular provide specific instructions to the dependency injection system on how to resolve a dependency. They are used to modify the default behavior of Angular's DI system, allowing developers to handle more complex scenarios effectively.

Angular provides four main resolution modifiers:

1. @Optional
2. @Self
3. @SkipSelf
4. @Host

Angular Preloading Strategy : Enhancing User Experience and Performance

Angular offers several features to enhance performance and improve the user experience. One of these features is preloading, a mechanism to load modules in the background after the application has been bootstrapped.At the heart of this feature is the PreloadStrategy, a powerful tool for optimizing Angular applications.

In this blog post, we’ll explore what PreloadStrategy is, its significance, how it works, and how to customize it to suit your needs.

What is PreloadStrategy?

In Angular applications, lazy loading is commonly used to load modules only when needed, reducing the initial bundle size and improving load time. However, lazy loading might cause a delay when users navigate to a route whose module hasn’t been loaded yet. Preloading bridges this gap by loading lazy-loaded modules in the background after the application is initialized.

PreloadStrategy is an Angular interface that defines the strategy for preloading these modules. By default, Angular provides two built-in strategies:

1. NoPreloading: Disables preloading entirely.
2. PreloadAllModules: Preloads all lazy-loaded modules as soon as possible.

Understanding Resolvers in Angular

When building Angular applications, one of the common requirements is to fetch data before navigating to a route. For instance, consider a scenario where you want to display a user's details on a profile page. Instead of loading the route and showing a spinner while fetching data, wouldn't it be better to resolve the data before entering the route? This is where Angular Resolvers shine.

In this post, we'll explore what resolvers are, why they're essential, and how to use them effectively in your Angular applications

What is a Resolver in Angular?

A Resolver in Angular is a service that retrieves data before a route is activated. It ensures that your component is rendered with the required data already available, improving user experience by reducing the time spent waiting for asynchronous calls after the view is loaded.

Resolvers are part of Angular's Route Guards, which include CanActivate, CanDeactivate, CanLoad, and others. While these guards determine route activation, Resolvers focus specifically on fetching data.

Why Use Resolvers?

1. Optimized User Experience: By fetching data before rendering, you avoid rendering incomplete views with loading indicators.

Understanding ClaimsPrincipal, ClaimsIdentity, and Claim in C#

When developing applications that require user authentication and authorization, managing user identities and their associated information securely is essential. In C#, the classes ClaimsPrincipal, ClaimsIdentity, and Claim in the System.Security.Claims namespace provide a flexible and extensible way to manage user identity data in a claims-based manner.

In this post, we'll explore the concepts of ClaimsPrincipal, ClaimsIdentity, and Claim in C#, and see how they work together to represent and manage user identity information.

Understanding Claims-Based Identity

Before diving into the classes, it’s helpful to understand the concept of claims-based identity. A claim is a statement about a user that provides information about who they are, what they can do, or other relevant attributes. Examples of claims include:

• The user's email address
• A role or permission level (like "Admin" or "User")
• The user's age or country of residence

Exploring HybridCache in .Net 9

As ASP.NET Core continues to evolve, with the release of .NET 9, a new caching mechanism called HybridCache has been introduced, offering a blend of in-memory and distributed caching to address the limitations of traditional caching methods.

What is HybridCache?

HybridCache is a caching library designed to combine the best features of in-memory caching (L1) and distributed caching (L2). This dual-layer approach helps mitigate common issues like cache stampedes and race conditions, ensuring a more robust and efficient caching strategy.

Key Features of HybridCache

• Stampede Protection: Prevents multiple concurrent requests from overwhelming the cache by ensuring only one request fetches the data while others wait for the result.

Polly in .NET Core: A Guide to Resilience and Fault Handling

Polly is a .NET library that provides a framework for handling transient faults in an application. It allows developers to implement retry policies, circuit breakers, timeouts, and other fault-handling patterns in a clean, composable, and declarative way. In this post, we'll explore what Polly is, why it’s valuable, and how to use it in .NET Core applications to build resilient, fault-tolerant solutions.

What is Polly?

Polly is an open-source library that enables you to build fault-handling and resilience logic into your applications. It helps you manage faults and unexpected scenarios by providing a range of resilience policies. Polly works seamlessly with .NET Core and can be used across HTTP clients, database calls, message queues, and more. Here are the key policies Polly supports:

• Retry: Retry a failed operation multiple times before giving up.
• Circuit Breaker: Stop calling a failing service temporarily to give it time to recover.
• Timeout: Fail if an operation takes longer than a specified time.
• Fallback: Provide an alternative response or behavior when an operation fails.
• Bulkhead Isolation: Limit concurrent executions to avoid resource exhaustion.
• Cache: Cache responses to avoid repeated calls for the same result.

By combining these policies, Polly enables you to create robust and customizable resilience strategies tailored to your application’s needs.

Why Use Polly?

In any distributed application, you’ll inevitably encounter issues like network instability, service unavailability, or rate limiting. Polly allows you to handle these scenarios without excessive code and helps:

Implementing JWT Authentication in .NET Core

JWT (JSON Web Token) is a popular way to implement secure authentication in modern web applications. It provides a lightweight and stateless mechanism to authenticate users, ensuring secure data transfer. In this blog post, we’ll explore how to implement JWT authentication in a C# ASP.NET Core application with a step-by-step example.

What is JWT?

A JWT is a token that is used to securely transmit information between two parties (client and server). It is digitally signed, ensuring that the data it contains can be trusted. JWT consists of three parts:

1. Header: Specifies the algorithm used to generate the signature, typically HMAC SHA256 or RSA.
2. Payload: Contains the claims or the data being transmitted (such as user ID, roles, etc.).
3. Signature: Ensures that the token hasn’t been tampered with.

The general structure looks like this:

eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJ1bmlxdWVfbmFtZSI6InVzZXIwMSIsIm5iZiI6MTczMTIxMDQ4OCwiZXhwIjoxNzMxMjExNjg4LCJpYXQiOjE3MzEyMTA0ODh9.2adOgvFCgF4FfzwWS3VbT-AOUvXvwwMmI76HrdTXFW4

Why JWT?

• Stateless: No need to store sessions on the server.
• Scalable: The server doesn’t need to store or retrieve session information.
• Cross-domain: JWT can be easily used across different domains, making it ideal for distributed applications like microservices.

Forms in Angular - A Comprehensive Guide to Building Reactive and Template-Driven Forms

Forms are a fundamental part of any web application, enabling users to interact with the app, provide information, and submit data. In Angular, forms can be implemented using two main approaches: Template-driven and Reactive forms. Each approach has unique benefits, so understanding how to use them effectively can elevate your Angular app development.

In this post, we'll dive into the following:

1. Template-driven forms
2. Reactive forms
3. Form validation
4. Comparing the two approaches

1. Template-Driven Forms

Template-driven forms in Angular rely heavily on Angular's two-way data binding. They’re built directly in the HTML template using directives like ngModel. Template-driven forms are ideal for simpler forms and are particularly helpful when you don’t need to programmatically control form behavior.

Angular Signals : A Practical Guide with Examples

Angular 17 recently introduced the concept of Signals to improve reactivity and simplify state management. Signals allow Angular applications to handle state changes in a more predictable, efficient, and declarative way. This blog will cover what Signals are, why they matter, and how to use them with practical examples.

What are Signals?

In Angular, a Signal is a reactive primitive that provides a new approach to managing and responding to state changes. With Signals, you can track changes to specific data points (variables or objects), allowing the app to automatically react when the data changes without needing complex change detection.

Why Use Signals?

Signals offer several benefits:

• Predictable reactivity: Signals enable precise control over when a component updates, leading to more predictable behavior.
• Improved performance: With Signals, Angular avoids unnecessary re-renders by updating only the affected parts.

Service Discovery in Microservices with C# and .NET

Service Discovery is a key pattern in microservice architectures, where services need to find each other dynamically. Unlike monolithic applications, where all components are contained within a single executable, microservices are distributed across multiple instances, often across different servers, virtual machines, or containers. Service discovery simplifies the way these services locate one another, allowing for load balancing, failover, and flexibility.

What is Service Discovery?

Service Discovery refers to the process by which services in a distributed system dynamically find each other. Instead of hard-coding the addresses of service instances (which can change in a dynamic environment like Kubernetes), services register themselves with a centralized service registry. Other services query this registry to find the addresses of the services they need to communicate with.

Benefits:

• Scalability: New instances of services can be added dynamically.
• Load Balancing: Requests can be routed to different instances of the same service.
• Fault Tolerance: Dead services can be automatically removed from the registry.

Types of Service Discovery:

Client-Side Discovery

In client-side service discovery, the client directly queries the service registry to discover service instances and choose one to send a request to. This method requires the client to implement the logic for discovery and load balancing.

Implementing an API gateway in a .NET Core application

The API Gateway Pattern is a design pattern used in microservices architecture. It acts as a single entry point for clients, managing all interactions between them and the backend services. This pattern simplifies client interactions by encapsulating the complexities of multiple microservices, providing features like request routing, load balancing, caching, and security.

Why Use an API Gateway?

1. Centralized Entry Point: Clients interact with one endpoint rather than multiple services.
2. Decoupling of Client and Services: The gateway handles communication with services, hiding service details from clients.
3. Cross-cutting Concerns: It manages functionalities like authentication, logging, rate-limiting, etc., across services.
4. Load Balancing: Distributes incoming traffic efficiently to backend services.
5. Security: Acts as a gatekeeper, providing security features like SSL termination and token validation.

Microservice Design Patterns

Microservices architecture is a powerful approach to building complex, scalable applications by breaking them down into smaller, independent services. However, designing and managing microservices effectively can be challenging. This is where microservice design patterns come into play. These patterns provide proven solutions to common challenges in microservice architecture, helping developers create systems that are scalable, resilient, and maintainable.

1. API Gateway Pattern

• Problem: In a microservice architecture, clients need to interact with multiple services, leading to increased complexity and potential performance bottlenecks.
• Solution: Implement an API Gateway that acts as a single entry point for all client requests. The gateway routes requests to the appropriate microservices and can handle tasks like authentication, rate limiting, and load balancing.

Example: Netflix uses Zuul as an API Gateway to handle all incoming traffic and route it to the appropriate services.

What are Microservices?

In today’s fast-paced tech world, businesses need to be agile and responsive to change. One way to achieve this is through the use of microservices. But what exactly are microservices, and why are they so popular?

What Are Microservices?

Microservices is an architectural style in software development where an application is composed of small, independent services, each responsible for a specific function. These services communicate with each other, often via APIs, and work together to fulfill the overall requirements of the application.

Unlike the traditional monolithic architecture, where all components of an application are interconnected and run as a single unit, microservices allow each service to be developed, deployed, and scaled independently. This modular approach gives greater flexibility in managing complex applications.

Key Features of Microservices

1. Independence: Microservices function as independent units, meaning developers can work on different parts of an application simultaneously without causing interference.
2. Decentralization: Unlike monolithic architectures where a central database manages the entire application, microservices often use decentralized data management. Each service may manage its own database, leading to better autonomy.
3. Scalability: Since microservices are independently deployable, individual services can be scaled based on demand without scaling the entire system, making resource management more efficient.
4. Technology Diversity: Teams can use different programming languages, frameworks, or technologies for each service, allowing them to choose the best tools for the job.
5. Fault Isolation: In a monolithic application, a failure in one part can potentially bring down the entire system. With microservices, a failure in one service doesn't necessarily impact others, leading to increased system resilience.

Memento Design Pattern in C#

The Memento Design Pattern is a Behavioral Design Pattern that can restore an object to its previous state. This pattern is useful for scenarios where you need to perform an undo or rollback operation in your application. The Memento pattern captures an object’s internal state so that the object can be restored to this state later. It is especially useful when implementing undo functionality in an application.

Component of Memento Design Pattern

1. Originator: The object whose state you want to save or restore.
2. Memento: Stores the internal state of the Originator. It has two interfaces:
   • Caretaker Interface: This interface provides no access to the internal state of the Memento. It is used by the Caretaker to manage the Memento without modifying it.
   • Originator Interface: This interface allows the Originator to access the Memento to restore its state.
3. Caretaker: The object that requests the saving and restoring of the Originator’s state.

Iterator Design Pattern in C#

The Iterator Design Pattern is a behavioral design pattern that allows sequential access to the elements of an aggregate object (i.e., collection) without exposing its underlying representation. That means using the Iterator Design Pattern, we can access the elements of a collection sequentially without knowing its internal representations. This pattern provides a uniform interface for traversing different data structures.

The collections in C#, like List, ArrayList, Array, etc., are containers containing many objects. In object-oriented programming, the iterator pattern is a design pattern in which an iterator is used to traverse a container and access the elements of the container.

Components of Iterator Pattern

• Iterator: The interface that defines the methods for traversing the collection.
• Concrete Iterator: The class that implements the iterator interface and performs the actual traversal.

Interpreter Design Pattern in C#

The Interpreter Design Pattern is a behavioral design pattern that defines a grammatical representation for a language and provides an interpreter to deal with this grammar. This pattern is particularly useful for designing simple languages or interpreting expressions.

When to Use the Interpreter Pattern

• When you have a simple language to interpret.
• When you need to interpret expressions in a language.
• When the grammar of the language is relatively simple and stable.

Route Guards in Angular

When building Angular applications, managing access to different routes is crucial for both security and user experience. Angular provides a robust mechanism called Route Guards to control navigation. Let’s dive into what Route Guards are, the different types available, and how to implement them with examples.

What are Route Guards?

Route Guards are interfaces that allow you to control the navigation to and from routes in your Angular application. They help you decide whether a user can access a particular route or not. There are several types of Route Guards:

Lifecycle of an Angular service

Understanding the lifecycle of an Angular service is crucial for effectively managing dependencies and ensuring optimal performance in your application. Here’s a breakdown of the lifecycle of an Angular service:

1. Creation

When a service is first requested by a component, directive, or another service, Angular’s dependency injection system creates an instance of the service. This happens only once if the service is provided at the root level or a module level, ensuring a singleton instance.

Hierarchical Dependency Injection in Angular

Hierarchical Dependency Injection (DI) in Angular is a powerful feature that allows you to control the scope and lifetime of services. It enables you to create a hierarchy of injectors, where each injector can provide its own set of dependencies. This hierarchy mirrors the component tree, allowing for fine-grained control over which services are available to which parts of your application.

How Hierarchical Dependency Injection Works?

In Angular, every component has its own injector, and these injectors form a hierarchy. The root injector is created when the application starts, and child injectors are created for each component. When a component requests a dependency, Angular starts at the component’s injector and works its way up the hierarchy until it finds a provider for the requested dependency.

Difference between providedIn and providers array

providedIn

The providedIn property is used within the @Injectable decorator to specify where the service should be provided. This is a more modern and preferred way to provide services in Angular.

Global Scope: When you use providedIn: 'root', the service is registered with the root injector, making it a singleton and available throughout the entire application.

Understanding Providers in Angular

In Angular, providers are a fundamental concept that allows you to inject dependencies into your components, services, and other parts of your application. They play a crucial role in Angular's dependency injection (DI) system, making it easier to manage and share services across your application.

What is a Provider?

A provider is an instruction to the Angular dependency injection system on how to obtain a value for a dependency. When you configure a provider, you tell Angular how to create an instance of a service or value that can be injected into components, directives, pipes, or other services.

Understanding Lazy-Loaded Modules in Angular

Lazy loading is a design pattern in Angular that allows you to load modules only when they are needed, rather than loading all modules upfront. This can significantly improve the performance of your application by reducing the initial load time.

What is a Lazy-Loaded Module?

A lazy-loaded module is an Angular module that is loaded on demand. Instead of being included in the main bundle, it is loaded asynchronously when the user navigates to a route that requires the module.

Understanding Angular Dependency Injection

Dependency Injection (DI) is a design pattern used to implement IoC (Inversion of Control), allowing a class to receive its dependencies from an external source rather than creating them itself. Angular’s DI system is a powerful feature that makes it easy to manage dependencies and promote code reusability and testability.

How Dependency Injection Works in Angular?

In Angular, DI is used to provide components, services, and other classes with the dependencies they need. The Angular injector is responsible for creating and managing these dependencies. Here’s a step-by-step explanation of how DI works in Angular:

Understanding @Injectable and @Inject Decorators in Angular

In Angular, decorators are used to attach metadata to classes, methods, properties, and parameters. Two commonly used decorators are @Injectable and @Inject. While they might seem similar, they serve different purposes. Let’s dive into their differences and see how they are used with examples.

@Injectable Decorator

The @Injectable decorator is used to mark a class as available for dependency injection. It tells Angular's dependency injection system that the class can be injected as a dependency into other classes.

Visitor Design Pattern in C#

The Visitor Pattern is a behavioral design pattern that allows you to add further operations to objects without having to modify them. It is particularly useful when you have a structure of objects and you want to perform operations on these objects that can be defined outside of their classes. This pattern follows the Open/Closed Principle by allowing new functionality to be added without altering the existing code.

The Visitor Design Pattern should be used when you have distinct and unrelated operations to perform across a structure of objects (element objects). That means the Visitor Design is used to create and perform new operations on a set of objects without changing the object structure or classes.

Components of Visitor Pattern

1. Visitor Interface: Declares a Visit method for each type of ConcreteElement in the object structure.
2. ConcreteVisitor: Implements the Visitor interface and defines the actions for each type of ConcreteElement.
3. Element Interface: Declares an Accept method that takes a Visitor as an argument.
4. ConcreteElement: Implements the Element interface and defines the Accept method to call the Visitor's method.
5. Object Structure: Can be a collection or a composite of elements which can be iterated to apply the Visitor.

State Design Pattern in C#

The State Design Pattern is a behavioral design pattern that allows an object to alter its behavior when its internal state changes. This pattern is particularly useful for implementing state machines and ensuring that the object’s behavior remains manageable and modular.

This pattern is useful when an object needs to go through several states, and its behavior differs for each state. Instead of having conditional statements throughout a class to handle state-specific behaviors, the State Design Pattern delegates this responsibility to individual state classes.

Components of State Desgin Pattern

1. Context: This is the class that contains an instance of a state and delegates state-specific behavior to the current state object.
2. State: An interface that encapsulates the behavior associated with a particular state of the Context.
3. Concrete States: Classes that implement the State interface, each representing a specific state and defining its behavior.

Chain of Responsibility Pattern in C#

The Chain of Responsibility pattern is a behavioral design pattern that allows a group of objects to handle a request sequentially, each potentially handling the request or passing it on to the next object in the chain until the request is handled or reaches the end of the chain.

In simple words, we can say that the chain of responsibility design pattern creates a chain of receiver objects for a given request. In this design pattern, normally, each receiver contains a reference to the next receiver. If one receiver cannot handle the request, it passes the same request to the next receiver, and so on. In this case, one receiver can handle the request in the chain, or one or more receivers can handle the request.

Components of Chain of Resposibility Pattern

1. Handler Interface (or Abstract Class): This defines a common interface for all handlers. It typically includes a method for handling requests and a reference to the next handler in the chain.
2. Concrete Handlers: These are the actual handlers in the chain. Each handler implements the Handler interface and contains logic to handle requests. If it can't handle a request, it passes it to the next handler in the chain.
3. Client: This initiates the request and sends it to the first handler in the chain.

Mediator Design Pattern in C#

The Mediator Design Pattern is a behavioral design pattern that promotes loose coupling between objects by encapsulating how they interact. It centralizes complex communication logic between multiple objects into a mediator object, thus reducing direct dependencies between them. This promotes easier maintenance and scalability of the system.

The Mediator Design Pattern restricts direct communications between the objects and forces them to collaborate only via a mediator object. This pattern is used to centralize complex communications and control between related objects in a system. The Mediator object acts as the communication center for all objects. That means when an object needs to communicate with another object, it does not call the other object directly. Instead, it calls the mediator object, and it is the responsibility of the mediator object to route the message to the destination object.

Components of Mediator Design Pattern

1. Mediator: Defines an interface for communication between colleague objects.
2. Colleague: It is an abstract class, and Concrete Colleague classes will implement this abstract class.
3. ConcreteMediator: Implements the mediator interface, coordinating communication between colleague objects.
4. ConcreteColleague: Implements the colleague interface and communicates with other colleagues through the mediator.

Template Method Design Pattern in C#

The Template Method Design Pattern is a behavioral design pattern that defines the skeleton of an algorithm in the superclass but lets subclasses override specific steps of the algorithm without changing its structure. It allows reusing common behavior across multiple classes while still allowing customization where necessary.

Components of Template Method Design Pattern

• Abstract Class: This class defines the template method, which is the skeleton of the algorithm. It consists of several abstract methods that subclasses must implement.
• Concrete Classes: These classes inherit from the abstract class and provide implementations for the abstract methods.

Command Design Pattern in C#

The Command Design Pattern is a behavioral design pattern that encapsulates a request as an object, thereby allowing parameterization of clients with queues, requests, and operations. This pattern decouples sender and receiver of a request based on a command, which helps in invoking the right method at the right time without knowing the actual implementation details.

Components of Command Design Pattern

1. Command: Defines an interface for executing an operation.
2. Concrete Command: Implements the Command interface and binds a receiver with an action. It defines a binding between the action and the receiver.
3. Invoker: Requests the command to execute the operation.
4. Receiver: Knows how to perform the operation.

Strategy Design Pattern in C#

The Strategy Design Pattern is a Behavioral Design Pattern that enables selecting an algorithm’s behavior at runtime. Instead of implementing a single algorithm directly, run-time instructions specify which of a family of algorithms to use.

This pattern is ideal when you need to switch between different algorithms or actions in an object dynamically. That means the Strategy Design Pattern is used when we have multiple algorithms (solutions) for a specific task, and the client decides which algorithm to use at runtime.

Components of Strategy Design Pattern

1. Strategy Interface: This defines a set of methods that represent the algorithms. It acts as a contract for all concrete strategy classes.
2. Concrete Strategies: These are the actual implementations of the algorithms defined in the strategy interface.
3. Context: This is the class that uses the strategy. It contains a reference to the strategy interface and can switch between different strategies dynamically.

Observer Design Pattern in C#

The Observer Design Pattern is a behavioral design pattern that defines a one-to-many dependency between objects. When one object (the subject) changes its state, all its dependents (observers) are notified and updated automatically. This pattern is widely used in software engineering to establish communication between objects in a loosely coupled manner.

This Design Pattern is widely used for implementing distributed event-handling systems where an object needs to notify other objects about its state changes without knowing who these objects are.

In the Observer Design Pattern, an object (called a Subject) maintains a list of its dependents (called Observers). It notifies them automatically whenever any state changes by calling one of their methods. The Other names of this pattern are Producer/Consumer and Publish/Subscribe.

Components of Bridge Design Pattern

1. Subject: This is the object that is being observed. It maintains a list of observers and provides methods to attach, detach, and notify observers of state changes.
2. Observer: This is the interface that defines the method(s) that the subject will use to notify observers of state changes.
3. ConcreteSubject: This is the concrete implementation of the subject. It maintains the state of interest and notifies observers when changes occur.
4. ConcreteObserver: This is the concrete implementation of the observer. It registers itself with the subject and implements the update method to react to changes in the subject's state.

Standalone Components in Angular

A standalone component is a type of component that doesn’t belong to any specific Angular module.Before Angular version 14, when you created a component, you typically had to include it in the declaration array of a module; otherwise, Angular would throw an error during compilation.Standalone components are independent units that can be instantiated and used anywhere within an Angular application, regardless of the module structure. Standalone components can be useful for creating reusable UI elements or utility functions that are not specific to any module.

In this post, we'll explore standalone components in Angular and how to create them with a detailed example.

Creating a Standalone Component

First, make sure you're using Angular version 14. To create a component on its own, use the --standalone option with the command ng generate component.

ng g c component_name  --standalone

Decorators in Angular

There are several important concepts in Angular, and Decorators are an important concept to learn when you are working Angular. Decorators in Angular are a powerful and essential feature used to enhance and modify the behavior of classes, methods, and properties. Through this post we will learn about decorators, its types and how it is being used in real time applications.

What are Decorators?

Decorators are functions that are invoked with a prefixed @ symbol.Basically, a decorator provides configuration metadata that determines how the component, class or a function should be processed, instantiated and used at runtime.Decorators are applied to classes, class properties, and class methods using the following syntax:

@DecoratorName(arguments)

Angular comes with several built-in decorators, and you can also create custom decorators to extend or modify the behavior of your application.

Bridge Design Pattern in C#

The Bridge Design Pattern is a structural pattern that separates the abstraction from its implementation so that the two can vary independently.This pattern involves an interface that acts as a bridge between the abstraction class and implementer classes. It is useful in scenarios where an abstraction can have several implementations, and you want to separate the implementation details from the abstraction.

Purpose of Bridge Pattern

• Decouple an abstraction from its implementation so that the two can vary independently.
• Promote code reusability by allowing the abstraction and implementation to evolve independently.

Flyweight Design Pattern in C#

The Flyweight design pattern is a structural pattern that focuses on minimizing the memory footprint or computational expenses of an object. It achieves this by sharing as much as possible with related objects, rather than keeping all of the data in each object. This is particularly useful when dealing with a large number of similar objects, as it helps reduce the overall memory consumption and improves performance.

Purpose of Flyweight Pattern:

• To reduce the number of objects and to conserve memory by sharing objects among multiple contexts.
• To achieve performance improvement by minimizing the overhead of creating and managing large numbers of similar objects.

Proxy Design Pattern in C#

The Proxy Design Pattern is a structural design pattern. that provides a surrogate or placeholder for another object to control access to it.

This pattern comes in handy when we want to add an extra layer of control over the access to an object, such as lazy loading, access control, or logging. In C#, the Proxy Design Pattern is commonly used to create a surrogate object that represents another object.

We can also say that the Proxy is the object the client calls to access the real object behind the scene. Proxy means in place of or on behalf of. That means, In the Proxy Design Pattern, a class represents the functionality of another class.

Component of Proxy Design pattern

• Subject: This is an interface that defines the members that will be implemented by the RealSubject and Proxy class so that the Proxy can be used by the client instead of the RealSubject. In our example, it is the ISharedFolder interface.
• RealSubject: This is a class that we want to use more efficiently by using the proxy class. This class should implement the Subject Interface. In our example, it is the SharedFolder class.

Composite Design Pattern in C#

The Composite Pattern is a structural design pattern that enables us to treat individual and group objects uniformly by creating a hierarchical (tree-like) structure of objects, where both the composite (groups) objects and leaf (individual) objects share a standard interface.

This pattern lets clients treat individual objects and compositions of objects uniformly. That means the client can access the individual objects or the composition of objects in a uniform manner. It’s useful for representing hierarchical structures such as file systems, UI components, or organizational structures.

What are Composite and Leaf classes?

1. The Composite Class — represents a group of objects and can contain other objects (i.e. env_item_collection, env_item_collection_parent, env_root), and
2. the Leaf Class — represents an individual object that cannot contain other objects (i.e. env_item).

Facade Design Pattern in C#

Facade is a structural design pattern that provides a simplified interface to a library, a framework, or any other complex set of classes.It helps encapsulate the complexity of multiple subsystems into a single unified interface.

In software terms, Facade pattern hides the complexities of the systems and provides a simple interface to the clients.

This pattern involves one wrapper class which contains a set of methods available for the client. This pattern is particularly used when a system is very complex or difficult to understand and when the system has multiple subsystems.

Component of Facade Design Pattern

• Complex System: A library of subsystems.
• Subsystems: These are classes within a complex system and offer detailed operations.
• Façade: This is a wrapper class which wrapper class which contains a set of members which are required by the client.
• Client: This is a class which calls the high-level operations in the Façade.

Decorator Design Pattern in C#

The Decorator Design Pattern is a structural pattern in software development that allows behavior to be added to individual objects, either statically or dynamically, without affecting the behavior of other objects from the same class.

The idea of the Decorator Pattern is to wrap an existing class, add other functionality to it, then expose the same interface to the outside world. Because of this our decorator exactly looks like the original class to the people who are using it.

It is used to extend or alter the functionality at runtime. It does this by wrapping them in an object of the decorator class without modifying the original object. So it can be called a wrapper pattern.

Components of Decorator Design Pattern

• Component: It defines the interface of the actual object that needs functionality to be added dynamically to the ConcreteComponents.
• ConcreteComponent: The actual object in which the functionalities could be added dynamically.
• Decorator: This defines the interface for all the dynamic functionalities that can be added to the ConcreteComponent.
• ConcreteDecorator: All the functionalities that can be added to the ConcreteComponent. Each needed functionality will be one ConcreteDecorator class.